Eastern Iran holds strategic importance as a linkage between Iran and both Pakistan and Afghanistan. Beyond being a natural corridor for trade and the movement of people, the region serves

Executive Summary Extremist organisations are rapidly evolving their communications and propaganda strategies, harnessing modern encryption tools and artificial intelligence to enhance recruitment, concealment and influence. Groups such as ISIS and

On 9 September 2025, Israel conducted a precision strike inside the Qatari capital, Doha, targeting a meeting of Hamas political leaders who were discussing a US-sponsored ceasefire proposal. Doha confirmed

The Gulf Cooperation Council states constitute a geostrategic theater of paramount importance for Israeli intelligence services, foremost among them the external intelligence service Mossad and the Military Intelligence Directorate of

The United Arab Emirates’ firm stance toward the Muslim Brotherhood and a range of political-Islam movements after the Arab Spring of 2011 marked a major turning point in its domestic,

Executive SummaryThis analytical paper examines the roles and structures of intelligence agencies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states and Iran within a complex regional context where conventional military conflict